Simultaneous Diagnosis of Myeloid Sarcoma of the Jaw and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Granulocytic or myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare neoplastic condition consisting of a tumor mass of myeloid blasts with or without maturation occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow the association between tuberculosis and MS is extremely rare. A 21-year-old female patient presented cough, sore throat and a suppurative swollen gum for 10 days prior to hospital admission. Physical examination revealed moderate pallor and swollen inferior gum. CBC revealed Hb 6.5 g/dL, hematocrit 18.4% MCV 97 fL MCH 34 pg, WBC 18.5  10/μL (1 My/3 Bt/69 Sg/1 Eo/0 Ba/20 Ly/6 Mo), Platelets 43  10/μL. The peripheral blood smear presented with 3% blast cells (type 1) and granulocytic dysplasia. Bone marrow biopsy showed 100% cellularity. 50% of cells were from granulocytic precursors, diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. The diagnosis of AML was established: granulocytic sarcoma with massive gum infiltration (immature granulocytic cells) and 10% of blasts in bone marrow. The patient received induction chemotherapy (3 + 7 daunorubicin 90 mg/m), and gum tissue culture was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Simultaneously, a qRTPCR test confirmed the same bacteria in the gum tissue. Patient treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol ciprofloxacin and amikacin). Remission was achieved and the patient was submitted for consolidation/ intensification (HiDAC x3) schema and referred to allogeneic HSCT. After induction and full hematological recovery there was no further evidence or recurrence of fever and lytic lesions. Currently patient is under CR and ling follow up (48 months) did not show recurrence of either AML or tuberculosis.